A Survey on Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Classical Piano Students of Tertiary Institutions in Malaysia
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Oct 18, 2016
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Abstract
Musicians are at risk of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) with incidence ranging from approximately 30% to 90% in the shoulder-arm-hand region and within the spine. Pianists are one of the high risk groups of PRMD due to the nature of playing posture and practice habits. The number of pianists in Malaysia has increased significantly due to the growth of music programmes in tertiary institutions. Although extensive research has been carried out into PRMD for decades, investigation of PRMD among pianists in Malaysia is very limited. This paper aimed to identify the extent of PRMD occurring among classical piano students in tertiary institutions in Malaysia. A survey was conducted and 192 set of data collected through administration of a questionnaire. Results showed that 35.8% (68) students reported having PRMD, of whom 17.6% were male (12) and 82.4% (56) were female. There is a great necessity to introduce ways to prevent PRMD which was reported at various levels among classical piano students.
Keywords: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders, classical piano students, music
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References
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Grieco, A., Occhipinti, E., Colombini, D., Menoni, O., Bulgheroni, M., Frigo, C., & Boccardi, S. (1989). Muscular effort and musculo-skeletal disorders in piano students: electromyographic, clinical and preventive aspects. Ergonomics, 32(7), 697-716.
Ling, C.Y., and Loo, F.C. (2012). Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD): interviews with three pianists in Malaysia. In: Music and Memory. UPM Book Series on Music Research (4). Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang, Selangor, pp. 80-92. ISBN 9789673442713.
Paarup, H.M., Baelum, J., Holm, J.W., Manniche, C., & Wedderkopp, N. (2011). Prevalence and consequences of musculoskeletal symptoms in symphony orchestra musicians vary by gender: a cross-sectional study. Biomed Central Musculoskeletal Disorders, 12(223), 1-14. .
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Revak, J.M. (1989). Incidence of upper extremity discomfort among piano students. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 43(3), 149-154.
Robinson, D., Zander, J., & B.C. Research (2002). Preventing Musculoskeletal Injury (MSI) for Musicians and Dancers: a resource guide. British Columbia: Safety and Health in Arts Production and Entertainment.
Shields, N., & Dockrell, S. (2000). The prevalence of injuries among pianists in music schools in Ireland. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 15(4), 155-160.
Steinmetz, A., Seidel, W., & Muche, B. (2010). Impairment of postural stabilization systems in musicians with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutic, 33(8), 603-611.
Sternbach, D.J. (2008). Stress in the lives of music students. Music Educators Journal, 94(3), 42-48.
Warrington, J. (2003). Hand therapy for the musician: instrument-focused rehabilitation. Hand Clinics, 19, 287-301.
Zaza, C. (1998). Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians: a systematic review of incidence and prevalence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158, 1019-1025.
Zaza, C., Charles, C., & Muszynski, A. (1998). The meaning of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders to classical musicians. Social Science and Medicine, 47(12), 2013-2023.
Blackie, H., Stone, R., & Tiernan, A. (1999). An investigation of injury prevention among university piano students. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 14(3), 141-149.
Bragge, P., Bialocerkowski, A., & McMeeken, J. (2006). A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors associated with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in pianists. Occupational Medicine, 56, 28-38.
Bruno, S., Lorusso, A., & L’Abbate, N. (2008). Playing-related disabling musculoskeletal disorders in young and adult classical piano students. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 81, 855-860.
Fry, H.J.H. (1986). Incidence of overuse syndrome in the symphony orchestra. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 1(2), 51-55.
Grieco, A., Occhipinti, E., Colombini, D., Menoni, O., Bulgheroni, M., Frigo, C., & Boccardi, S. (1989). Muscular effort and musculo-skeletal disorders in piano students: electromyographic, clinical and preventive aspects. Ergonomics, 32(7), 697-716.
Ling, C.Y., and Loo, F.C. (2012). Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD): interviews with three pianists in Malaysia. In: Music and Memory. UPM Book Series on Music Research (4). Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang, Selangor, pp. 80-92. ISBN 9789673442713.
Paarup, H.M., Baelum, J., Holm, J.W., Manniche, C., & Wedderkopp, N. (2011). Prevalence and consequences of musculoskeletal symptoms in symphony orchestra musicians vary by gender: a cross-sectional study. Biomed Central Musculoskeletal Disorders, 12(223), 1-14. .
Pak, C.H., & Chesky, K. (2001). Prevalence of hand, finger, and wrist musculoskeletal problems in keyboard instrumentalists: the University of North Texas musician health survey. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 16(1), 17-23.
Revak, J.M. (1989). Incidence of upper extremity discomfort among piano students. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 43(3), 149-154.
Robinson, D., Zander, J., & B.C. Research (2002). Preventing Musculoskeletal Injury (MSI) for Musicians and Dancers: a resource guide. British Columbia: Safety and Health in Arts Production and Entertainment.
Shields, N., & Dockrell, S. (2000). The prevalence of injuries among pianists in music schools in Ireland. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 15(4), 155-160.
Steinmetz, A., Seidel, W., & Muche, B. (2010). Impairment of postural stabilization systems in musicians with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutic, 33(8), 603-611.
Sternbach, D.J. (2008). Stress in the lives of music students. Music Educators Journal, 94(3), 42-48.
Warrington, J. (2003). Hand therapy for the musician: instrument-focused rehabilitation. Hand Clinics, 19, 287-301.
Zaza, C. (1998). Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians: a systematic review of incidence and prevalence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158, 1019-1025.
Zaza, C., Charles, C., & Muszynski, A. (1998). The meaning of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders to classical musicians. Social Science and Medicine, 47(12), 2013-2023.