The formation of a nation: The case of bosnian muslims
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the process of the formation of Bosniak nation. Ethno-symbolist approach to nationalism is taken as the basis of the study in evaluating the formation of the Bosniak nation due to the fact that ethno-symbolists argue that nationalism is a modern phenomenon but the origins of the nations can be traced back to the ethnicity. They emphasize the importance of subjective elements such as myth of common ancestry, shared culture and values in constituting nation. In this study it is argued that there are three turning points in the history of Bosnian Muslims that led to the formation of the Bosniak nation. These are Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia in 1878, the recognition of Bosnian Muslims as a separate nationality in 1968 and Bosnian war between 1992 and 1995. In this study, these turning points and their relevance for the formation of nation is analyzed through an ethno-symbolist perspective.
Keywords: Bosnian Muslims, ethno-symbolism, Bosniak, nationalism
Downloads
Article Details
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Babuna, Aydin, (2004). The Bosnian Muslims and Albanians: Islam and Nationalism. Nationalities Papers, 32.2, pp. 287-321.
Babuna, Aydin. (1996). The Emergence of the First Muslim Party in Bosnia-Hercegovina. East European Quarterly 30, 131-151.
Bougarel, Xavier. (2005). The role of Balkan Muslims in building a European Islam.
Burg, Steven L. (1983). The political integration of Yugoslavia's Muslims: Determinants of success and failure. The carl Beck Papers in russian and East European studies, 203, 36.
Brass, Paul, (1980). Ethnic Groups and Nationalities. In ed. Peter Sugar. Ethnic Diversity and Conflict in Eastern Europe, pp. 1 – 68.
Bringa, T. (1995). Being Muslim the Bosnian way: Identity and community in a central Bosnian village. Princeton University Press.
Brubaker, R. (2002). Ethnicity without groups. European Journal of Sociology, 163-189.
Conversi, D. (2006). Mapping the field: Theories of Nationalism and the Ethnosymbolic Approach. Edinburgh University Press,
Dragovic-Soso, J. (2003). Intellectuals and the collapse of Yugoslavia: the End of the Yugoslav Writers' Union pp. 268-285. Hurst & Co.
Friedman, F. (1996). The Bosnian Muslims: denial of a nation. Boulder: Westview Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric J. (2010). Nations and nationalism since 1780: Programme, myth, reality. Cambridge University Press
Hutchinson, J. (2004). Nations as zones of conflict. Sage,
Hutchinson, J. (2007). Warfare, remembrance and national identity. In Grosby, Steven Elliott, and Athena S. Leoussi. Nationalism and ethno-symbolism. Edinburgh University Press, 42 – 52
Lederer, Gyorgy. (2001). Islam in East Europe. Central Asian Survey, 20.1, 5-32.
Pinson, Mark. (1996). "The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina Under Austro-Hungarian Rule, 1878-1918." The Muslims of Bosnia-Hercegovina pp. 84-I28.
Smith, Anthony D. (2002). When is a nation. Geopolitics, 7.2 5-32.
Smith, Anthony D. (2009). Ethno-symbolism and Nationalism: A Cultural Approach. Routledge,
Smith, Anthony D. (2010). Nationalism.
Smith, Anthony D. (1991). National Identity. University of Nevada Press.
Smith, Anthony D. (2000). The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates About Ethnicity and Nationalism. Brandeis Univ,
Thomas, Hylland Eriksen. (1993) Ethnicity and nationalism. Anthropological perspectives.